ABSTRACT
Summary On December 7, 2022, China's National Health Commission issued the Ten New Covid Rules lifting the dynamic zero-COVID policy. In the interim, vaccination campaigns continue to be promoted. We assessed the potential impacts on the status, perceptions, and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines via an online self-administered questionnaire. Among 1,170 participants, 1,142 (97.6%) participants were vaccinated against COVID-19, and 51.8% (591/1,142) have already received the booster. More than half of the participants who were vaccinated were ages 31 to 50 (51.8%). Participants believed the following strategies could improve the vaccination rate: timely feedback of the vaccination data (such as safety, efficacy, and other issues of public concern) from authoritative media (95.6%), increasing the number of vaccination sites and availability of vaccines and using more convenient methods of making appointment (95.2%), recommendations from friends and relatives (94.8%), and presenting the qualifications of the staff performing vaccination (89.1%). More measures, including targeted measures for different age groups and timely feedback on the vaccination data including safety and efficacy from authoritative media, are likely to help improve vaccination rates.
ABSTRACT
Surgical site infections (SSIs) have gained increasing prominence in recent decades. Bioaerosols are an important factor causing such intraoperative infections. Their distribution can be affected by environmental parameters in the operating room (OR), such as the air supply velocity and room temperature. The research object of this study was a Class I operating room, which has the strictest cleanliness requirements. Four different air supply velocities (0.16, 0.24, 0.29, and 0.33 m/s) and four different room temperatures (18 °C, 20 °C, 22 °C, and 24 °C) formed seven orthogonal experiment cases. The bioaerosols release experiments conducted in an environmental chamber to simulate a full-scale operating room. The experiments could well verify the computational fluid dynamics-based numerical simulation using the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε model as a turbulence model. The experimental and numerical results confirmed that an increase in the air supply velocity would increase the dispersion of bioaerosols particles. An air supply velocity greater than 0.24 m/s can ensure greater cleanliness in the surgical area. Whereas, when the air supply velocity continues to increase (0.33 m/s), it will increase the bioaerosols deposition in the surgical area. In terms of controlling the concentration of bioaerosols in a certain area, 0.24 m/s-0.29 m/s is the optimal range of air supply velocity. However, the distribution of bioaerosols particles is not sensitive to the response of OR room temperature changes.
ABSTRACT
This study investigates how peer-to-peer accommodation (P2PA) hosts in China have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic. A multi-case study approach was adopted to depict the decision-making logic of three different types of hosts-speculators, diplomats, and entrepreneurs-based on an awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) framework under COVID-19. The findings highlight the role of owner motivation (profit/sharing/entrepreneurial-driven) and capabilities, such as having a unique value proposition and linkages with other hospitality experience, under COVID-19. Meanwhile, the platform collaboration capability failed to support survival during the pandemic. Moreover, the current study indicated that, after the COVID-19, entrepreneurs will continue to innovate, diplomats' operations will remain unchanged and speculators will quit hosting. Hence, COVID-19 is an accelerator of P2P industry that reserving the hosts who embrace the original features of the P2PA sector, e.g. sharing and a focus on the experience, and eliminating the hosts who have diluted the uniqueness of the sector.